Symbol (fish and tree): Black on white or suitable contrasting background. The most common reports to the FDA were "drug ineffective," followed by convulsions, dermatitis and dizziness. Vomiting. The most common side effects are nonserious reactions of the skin (e.g., burning, itching, dryness and rash). The mark must appear on each side and each end of the transport vehicle or freight container, and must be visible from the direction it faces. UN Classification %PDF-1.6 % In the 1940s, lindane was registered with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and in 1951 it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for medical use in the treatment of scabies, head lice and pubic lice (crabs). 104 0 obj <> endobj WebLindane is considered to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and moderately toxic to birds and mammals. $>. 0000003791 00000 n ];pGvZo~z8i##N7M3|cruvx}qLY^*PqoWU-;yr$z:9~sro?6N9iC0Y 6)?S9xwQ(elU[3+s]q-{ Toxicity of phenanthrene and lindane mixtures to marine [24] The Joint Committee on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) of The World Health Organization and Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations similarly concluded in 2004 that In the absence of genotoxicity and on the basis of the weight of the evidence from the studies of carcinogenicity, JMPR has concluded that lindane is not likely to pose a carcinogenic risk to humans.[21], The production and use of lindane in agricultural (both of which have declined significantly in the last 20 years) are the primary causes of environmental contamination,[25] and levels of lindane in the environment have waned in the U.S. from 1986 through 2003, consistent with decreasing agricultural usage patterns. [25] In 2002, the EPA concluded that lindane agricultural products were eligible for re-registration given industry compliance with certain data and labeling requirements to mitigate occupational risks to workers. [1] In the 1940s and 1950s lindane producers stockpiled these isomers in open heaps, which led to ground and water contamination. xb```"cV @16$!Lvr p'wO'w6%nY38rg?&')(Iq^ YNH(Hinthr;.5. This is the third severe geomagnetic storm (G4) since Solar Cycle 25 began in 2019. Headache. Toxicity of lindane induced by oxidative stress and intestinal Medical observation is indicated. Studies of the carcinogenic effects of lindane have been inconclusive and often limited by study design; however, no major carcinogenic effects have been noted in human trials to date. During this time, the vast majority of lindane usemore than 99%has been for agricultural purposes and much of the safety and environmental concerns have related to this application. Well closed. Purpose Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (-, - and - (Lindane)) were recently included as new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention, and therefore, the legacy of HCH and Lindane production became a contemporary topic of global relevance. [7][8][9] The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also includes lindane medications in their Sexually Transmitted Disease Treatment Guidelines as viable treatment alternatives for the management of scabies and pubic lice, consistent with the approved prescription labeling for these products. [5] However, in 2006, the Agency published an addendum to its initial decision and called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses by registered manufacturers (effective July 2007), citing a significant change in the costs and benefits of agricultural uses due to the recent introduction of seed-treatment alternatives to lindane. Cyanobacteria are able to tolerate, and even metabolize, moderate doses of organochlorine pesticides, such as lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane), one of the most persistent and widely used in recent decades. [18] (see also Agricultural vs. Healthcare Applications) It is highly toxic to fish and honeybees and moderately toxic to most 0000003713 00000 n In 2003, the FDA published a safety analysis of adverse events reported in association with the use of lindane medications received through its adverse event monitoring system (AERS database) between from 1974 through 2002. [15] Central nervous system stimulation ranging from dizziness to seizures, has also been reported; however, serious effects, like seizures, have almost always resulted from oral ingestion or misuse of medication (e.g., repeated treatments or prolonged applications). (4) For domestic transportation, a packaging marked prior to January 1, 2017 and in conformance with the requirements of this paragraph in effect on December 31, 2014, may continue in service until the end of its useful life. It has an oral LD50 of 88 mg/kg in rats and a dermal LD50 of 1000 mg/kg. eCFR :: 49 CFR 172.322 -- Marine pollutants. Long-term toxicity of lindane through oxidative stress and cell The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. [7], In the face of negative publicity concerning lindane pharmaceutical products, the U.S. manufacturer, Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, filed a legal complaint on February 6, 2007 in the U.S. District Court in Chicago, Illinois against the National Pediculosis Association, the Ecology Center, Inc., and two physicians for statements made and disseminated to healthcare providers and consumers using the internet and through a series of printed literature . [6] Mexico has committed to a structured, voluntary phase out of lindane through the North American Regional Action Plan (NARAP) but currently authorizes agricultural, veterinary and healthcare uses. This article is based in part on the public domain US government document at FDA.gov. People who are occupationally exposed to it are advised to avoid its 0000057176 00000 n (1) On single packagings or combination packagings where each single package or each inner packaging of combination packagings has: (i) A net quantity of 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less for liquids; or, (ii) A net mass of 5 kg (11 pounds) or less for solids. Lindane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABAA receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site. DEA methoxycinnamate. 0000002858 00000 n %%EOF The substance may have effects on the nervous system, bone marrow and liver. WebLindane is considered to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and moderately toxic to birds and mammals. Severe Marine Pollutants - ReadyGo This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Aurora is best viewed in areas without light pollution and no cloud cover. In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. [7], Based on these findings, lindane lotion and lindane shampoo were limited to small unit-dose bottles in 2003 by the FDA to mitigate the risk of misuse and further enhance product safety. WebInternational initiatives on Lindane include the Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants of the Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution; the Rotterdam Convention; the OSPAR Commission for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Northeast Atlantic, the Great Lindane is the main insecticide produced in China. This mark may be displayed in black lettering on a white square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard. To use all the functions on Chemie.DE please activate JavaScript. [27] Similar findings were noted by U.S. Geologic Survey teams in 1999 and 2000. %PDF-1.4 % pollution Lindane has long been associated with pollution due to its long persistence and quick accumulation in fatty tissues. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. However, Morton Grove presented new facts supporting its case for jurisdiction in Illinois and the Court held that Morton Grove's "Second Amended Complaint would provide specific jurisdiction over the Center and Weil." Nausea. Marine Drugs | Free Full-Text | Lindane Bioremediation Capability (2) On a combination packaging containing a marine pollutant, other than a severe marine pollutant, in inner packagings each of which contains: (i) 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less net capacity for liquids; or. (3) Transitional exception. Histological effects of sublethal concentrations of insecticide Lindane Air pollution on the Front Range has gotten worse, EPA WebLindane is released into the environment during and after agricultural application through volatilization into the atmosphere (estimated at 12-30%), where it has long-range transport potential and can be deposited by rainfall. Code of Federal Regulations Title 49. NRDC: When the Treatment is Toxic - Pesticides in Head [11][12], While adverse reactions can occur with use of low-dose topical pharmaceutical formulations, serious effects are rare and have most often resulted from the misuse of medication. Column 1 is labeled S.M.P. for Severe Marine Pollutants and Column 2 is [1] Vomiting and nausea are usual symptoms associated with oral ingestions of lindane but serious neurologic effects can occur, albeit less frequently. Lindane (Persistant Organic Pollutant) in the EU, Best Practices of De-Contamination Exchanged.

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